Fibroids, also referred to as uterine fibroids or leiomyomas, are benign growths that originate in the muscular wall of the uterus. They are one of the most common benign (non-cancerous) tumors affecting women during their reproductive years. Fibroids can vary in size, number, and location within the uterus. While most fibroids are not dangerous, they can cause a range of symptoms and may lead to complications in some cases.
Types of Fibroids:
Indeed, fibroids can be classified based on their location within the uterus. Common classifications include:
Intramural Fibroids: These fibroids develop within the muscular wall of the uterus.
Submucosal Fibroids: These fibroids grow just beneath the inner lining of the uterus and can protrude into the uterine cavity.
Subserosal Fibroids: These fibroids project outward from the outer surface of the uterus.
Pedunculated Fibroids: These are fibroids that grow on a stalk (peduncle), either inside or outside the uterus.
Symptoms of Fibroids:
Not all women with fibroids experience symptoms, but when symptoms do occur, they may include:
Heavy or Prolonged Menstrual Bleeding: Fibroids can cause heavy or prolonged menstrual periods.
Pelvic Pain or Pressure: Fibroids may lead to pelvic discomfort or a feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen.
Frequent Urination: Large fibroids can press against the bladder, causing frequent urination.
Constipation: In some cases, fibroids can exert pressure on the rectum, leading to constipation.
Pain during Intercourse: Fibroids can cause pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse.
Abdominal Swelling: Larger fibroids may cause the abdomen to appear enlarged or swollen.
Causes of Fibroids:
The exact cause of fibroids is not fully understood, but their development is thought to be influenced by hormonal and genetic factors. Estrogen and progesterone, the two hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle, appear to play a role in their growth. Fibroids tend to develop and grow during the reproductive years when estrogen levels are higher. They often shrink after menopause when estrogen levels decline.
Side Effects:
While fibroids are generally benign, they can lead to various side effects and complications, including:
Anemia: Heavy menstrual bleeding caused by fibroids can lead to iron-deficiency anemia.
Infertility: In some cases, fibroids can interfere with fertility and cause difficulty in conceiving.
Pregnancy Complications: Large fibroids may increase the risk of certain pregnancy complications, such as placental abruption or preterm birth.
Urinary Problems: Fibroids can put pressure on the bladder, leading to urinary frequency or difficulty emptying the bladder.
Bowel Problems: Large fibroids can press on the rectum and cause constipation.
Pain and Discomfort: Fibroids can cause pelvic pain or discomfort, impacting a woman's quality of life.
